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3.1. Early Britain

Unattempted

1. What was the depiction on the initial coins minted in Britain during the Iron Age?

  • Icons related to Celtic culture
  • Inscriptions of Iron Age monarchs
  • Sketches of fauna
  • Inscriptions of medicinal herbs

The inhabitants of the Iron Age crafted Britain's first minted coins, some of them bearing the inscriptions of Iron Age rulers.

2. Which ancient settlement in Northern Europe has provided insight to archaeologists about life towards the end of the Stone Age?

  • Stonehenge
  • Lindisfarne
  • Mercia
  • Skara Brae

Skara Brae, located on Orkney off Scotland's north coast, is the best-preserved ancient settlement in Northern Europe and has contributed significantly to archaeologists' understanding of life in the late Stone Age.

3. From the options, which words originate from the Anglo-Saxon language?

  • Autumn and peach
  • Melody and jive
  • Bedford and manchester
  • Harold and ship

'Apple' and 'summer' are words that have their roots in the Anglo-Saxon language.

4. In which part of England was an Anglo-Saxon king interred along with his riches and weapons?

  • Castle of Dorset, Maiden
  • Suffolk, Sutton Hoo
  • Castle of Wales, Conwy
  • London Tower

Sutton Hoo in today's Suffolk was the final resting place of one of the Anglo-Saxon kings.

5. What's the origin of the earliest farmers?

  • South-western Europe
  • South-eastern Europe
  • North-eastern America
  • North-western Asia

The inaugural farmers made it to Britain around 6,000 years ago. It's likely that the progenitors of these first cultivators hailed from south-east Europe.

6. Which pair of records provide valuable insight into England's condition in the reign of William I?

  • The Magna Carta
  • The Book of Domesday
  • The Tapestry of Bayeux
  • The Tales of Canterbury

The Book of Domesday and The Tapestry of Bayeux.

7. When did the final successful overseas invasion of England transpire?

  • 1421
  • 1320
  • 1066
  • 1235

England's last successful foreign invasion happened during the Norman Conquest in the year 1066.

8. Which historical figure constructed a wall in northern England to deter the Picts, predecessors to the Scots?

  • Queen Boudicca
  • Emperor Hadrian
  • Emperor Augustus
  • Gaius Julius Caesar

Emperor Hadrian established a boundary in the form of a wall in northern England to ward off the Picts, who are forefathers of today's Scottish people.

9. Boudicca, a tribal leader, battled against which overseas aggressors?

  • The Norman Conquest
  • The Norsemen
  • The Anglo-Saxon Invaders
  • The Roman Empire

Boudicca, Iceni's queen, was amongst the tribal leaders who rose up against the Romans.

10. Which pair of forts were included in Hadrian's Wall?

  • Vindolanda
  • Dover Castle
  • Housesteads
  • Warwick Castle

Among the elements of Hadrian's Wall are the forts of Housesteads and Vindolanda.

11. What historical landmark was built by William the Conqueror?

  • Westminster Abbey
  • The Albert Memorial
  • Buckingham Palace
  • The White Tower

The White Tower, located within the Tower of London, serves as an illustration of a Norman castle keep. It was constructed as per William the Conqueror's instructions.

12. Who are considered the initial inhabitants of Britain during the Stone Age?

  • Agriculturalists
  • Hunter-gatherers
  • Fighters
  • Sea raiders

The Stone Age in Britain was first inhabited by hunter-gatherers.

13. When did the Channel permanently isolate Britain from the continent?

  • 10,000 years ago
  • 45,000 years ago
  • 20,000 years ago
  • 25,000 years ago

Only around 10,000 years ago did the Channel indefinitely divide Britain from the continent.

14. What is the title of the most unchanged historic settlement in northern Europe that originated from the Stone Age?

  • Eire Maiden
  • Skara Brae
  • Henge of Stones
  • Tapestry of Bayeux

Skara Brae, located on Orkney, off the northern shores of Scotland, holds the reputation as the most unchanged historic settlement in northern Europe. This location has provided archaeologists with an abundance of information about lifestyle during the late Stone Age.

15. After the Roman occupation, who were the invaders of England?

  • The Norsemen
  • The Anglo-Saxons
  • The Normans
  • The Scottish

In AD 410, the Roman legions withdrew from Britain to cater to other regions of the Roman Empire and did not come back. The northern European tribes, namely, the Jutes, the Angles, and the Saxons, once again invaded Britain.

16. When was bronze first created by humans?

  • Approximately 3,000 years ago
  • Approximately 4,000 years ago
  • Approximately 5,000 years ago
  • Approximately 2,000 years ago

Bronze was first manufactured by people about 4,000 years ago. This era is hence known as the Bronze Age.

17. Who is Boudicca?

  • A tribal leader that battled the Romans
  • A designer who contributed to the construction of Hadrian’s Wall
  • A monarch of the Vikings
  • A tribal leader that took a stand against the Vikings

Boudicca was one of the tribal leaders who contested the Romans, acting as the queen of the Iceni in the region now known as eastern England.

18. Who spearheaded the initial Roman incursion into Britain in 55 BC?

  • Emperor Nero
  • Julius Caesar
  • Alexander the Great
  • William Tyndale

In 55 BC, Britain saw its first Roman invasion under the leadership of Julius Caesar.

19. During the Bronze Age, what term was used for the tombs where the deceased were laid to rest?

  • Brae Skara
  • Fortified hills
  • Round barrows
  • King Canute

In the Bronze Age, inhabitants resided in roundhouses and interred their deceased in tombs referred to as round barrows.

20. Who served as the inaugural Archbishop of Canterbury?

  • St Bartholomew
  • St John
  • St Augustine
  • St Luke

St Augustine helmed a mission from Rome that propagated Christianity in southern parts of the UK. He holds the title as the debut Archbishop of Canterbury.

21. When was the first arrival of farmers in Britain?

  • Around 6,000 years ago
  • About 7,000 years ago
  • Roughly 8,000 years ago
  • Approximately 10,000 years ago

Britain saw the arrival of its first farmers about 6,000 years ago.

22. Stonehenge, a famous monument, is situated in which English county?

  • Yorkshire
  • Lancashire
  • Wiltshire
  • Dorset

Stonehenge, an enduring monument constructed by the predecessors of the earliest farmers likely from south-east Europe, still remains standing in its location in Wiltshire, an English county. These settlers built homes, tombs, and monuments over the land.

23. What TWO forts are included in the Hadrian’s Wall?

  • Vindolanda
  • Ironbridge
  • Housesteads
  • Newstead

Housesteads and Vindolanda are two forts that are parts of the Hadrian’s Wall.

24. What was a defining feature of the Bronze Age?

  • Individuals resided in big villages and practiced agriculture
  • Individuals resided in circular dwellings and interred their deceased in burial tombs
  • Individuals were nomadic hunters
  • People began to utilize plastic materials

Bronze Age individuals dwelt in circular abodes and interred their deceased in tombs known as round barrows.

25. What year did the Roman forces depart from Britain?

  • AD 410
  • AD 520
  • AD 580
  • AD 540

In AD 410, the Roman forces abandoned Britain to protect other regions of the Roman Empire, and they never made their way back.

26. What is the name of the famous embroidery piece that memorializes the Battle of Hastings?

  • The Tapestry of Hastings
  • The Bayeux tapestry
  • The Tapestry of Normandy
  • The Domesday Embroidery

The Battle of Hastings is remembered in an intricate piece of embroidery, the Bayeux tapestry, which is available for public view in France.

27. What is the believed origin of the ancestors of the initial settlers who practiced farming in Britain?

  • Eastern Northeastern Europe
  • Western Northwestern Europe
  • Eastern Southeastern Europe
  • Western Southwestern Europe

The origin of farming in Britain can be traced back to 6,000 years ago, their ancestors are likely to have come from southeastern Europe.

28. What is the name of the Iron Age hill fort visible in Dorset county?

  • Barnard Castle
  • Lincoln Castle
  • Montgomery Castle
  • Maiden Castle

Maiden Castle, an astonishing hill fort from the Iron Age, remains standing and visible today in Dorset, a county in England.

29. Which one among these is a renowned UNESCO World Heritage Site and frequently visited by hikers?

  • The Pathway of Giants
  • Hadrian’s Wall
  • The parliamentary residence
  • Buckingham Palace

Bits of Hadrian’s Wall like the forts of Housesteads and Vindolanda are favoured by hikers and recognized as a UNESCO (United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization) World Heritage Site.

30. What is Boudicca, the ruler of the Iceni in present-day eastern England, famous for?

  • Her uprising against the Vikings
  • Her uprising against the Romans
  • Her uprising against the Normans
  • Her uprising against the Anglo-Saxons

Boudicca, the ruler of the Iceni in the region now known as eastern England, was among the tribal leaders who resisted the Romans.

31. What was a defining trait of the Bronze Age people?

  • They excelled in metal crafts
  • They were agriculturists residing in bigger conglomerations
  • They were itinerant hunters
  • They were segmented into tribal groups

The inhabitants during the Bronze Age were skilled in metalwork, creating exquisite items from bronze and gold such as tools, decorative pieces, and weapons.

32. Who served as the inaugural Archbishop of Canterbury?

  • St Augustine
  • St Patrick
  • St Peter
  • Alexander III

St Augustine holds the title of the first Archbishop of Canterbury.

33. Where is the statue of Boudicca, the tribal leader of the Iceni who battled the Romans, located?

  • At the vicinity of London Bridge
  • Near Westminster Bridge
  • Around the Tower of London
  • Within St James’s Park

The statue of Boudicca, the tribal leader of the Iceni, sits close to the Westminster Bridge in London, in proximity to the Houses of Parliament.

34. What were the primary professions of individuals in the Iron Age?

  • Fishers and meat sellers
  • Peasants, artists or fighters
  • Knights, healers or instrumentalists
  • Designers, educators or attorneys

In the Iron Age, a vast majority of the population were peasants, artists, or fighters.

35. Identify the TWO terms that originated from the Viking language?

  • Bumblebee
  • Teapot
  • Grimsby
  • Scunthorpe

A significant number of Viking invaders settled in Britain, predominantly in the eastern and northern regions, in a region referred to as the Danelaw. Numerous place names in this area, like Grimsby and Scunthorpe, derive from Viking languages.

36. In which era were the initial coins minted in Britain?

  • The Bronze Age
  • The Platinum Age
  • The Copper Age
  • The Iron Age

The Iron Age populace had an advanced society and economy. The first-ever coins to be minted in Britain were created during this period, some even bearing the names of Iron Age monarchs.

37. Maiden Castle is situated in which English county?

  • Dorset
  • Gloucestershire
  • Wiltshire
  • Cumbria

One can observe an impressive hill fort at Maiden Castle, situated in the county of Dorset in England.

38. What was the predominantly used language at the time of the Iron Age?

  • Anglo-Saxon
  • Latin
  • Celtic
  • Scots Gaelic

The tongue used in the Iron Age was a part of the Celtic language group.

39. Which civilization is recognized for constructing roads, public buildings, instituting a legal framework, and introducing new flora and fauna in Britain?

  • The Romans
  • The Goths
  • The Saxons
  • The Franks

The Romans lived in Britain for a span of 400 years. The period marked significant developments like road and public building construction, the introduction of a legal system, and the introduction of new species of plants and animals.

40. Who emerged victorious against the Vikings?

  • Alfred the Great
  • William the Conqueror
  • Queen Boudica
  • King James II

The victor against the Vikings was Alfred the Great.

41. When was the first visit of the Vikings to Britain in order to plunder coastal towns and seize goods and slaves?

  • AD 601
  • AD 789
  • AD 791
  • AD 805

Originating from Denmark and Norway, the Vikings made their initial appearance in Britain in AD 789 with the aim of looting coastal settlements and capturing goods and slaves.

42. When were the initial Christian societies established in Britain?

  • During the 1st and 2nd centuries AD
  • During the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD
  • Within the 3rd and 4th centuries AD
  • Within the 4th and 5th centuries AD

The emergence of the initial Christian societies in Britain took place during the 3rd and 4th centuries AD.

43. Which emperor constructed a wall in the north of England to deter the Picts (forerunners of the Scottish people)?

  • Emperor Augustus
  • King George III
  • Emperor Hadrian
  • Julius Marcus

Regions of modern Scotland were never seized by the Romans, and it was Emperor Hadrian who erected a wall in the north of England to repel the Picts (predecessors of the Scottish people).

44. From the options below, which word has its origin in the Viking language?

  • Desk
  • Scunthorpe
  • Sketch
  • Hare

Viking languages are the roots of words like Grimsby and Scunthorpe.

45. What is the origin of the Vikings?

  • Germany and France
  • Finland and Sweden
  • Norway and Denmark
  • Germany and Sweden

The geographic origin of the Vikings is primarily Denmark and Norway.

46. Following the victory of King Alfred the Great over the Vikings, a large number of the Viking invaders remained in Britain, predominantly in the eastern and northern regions of England in a region known as:

  • Dover
  • Hadrian"s wall
  • Danelaw
  • Beowulf

A substantial number of the Viking invaders made Britain their home – particularly in the eastern and northern parts of England in a region called the Danelaw.

47. What is the location of the most impeccably preserved ancient village in northern Europe?

  • Swansea, Wales
  • Glasgow, Scotland
  • Orkney, off the north coast of Scotland
  • The Isle of Man

The most intact ancient village in northern Europe, Skara Brae, is situated on Orkney, off the northern coastline of Scotland.

48. Which tribes from the list below invaded Britain?

  • The Jutes
  • The Angles
  • The Saxons
  • All listed tribes

Following the departure of the Roman army from Britain in AD 410 to protect other regions of the Roman Empire, Britain faced another invasion by tribes from northern Europe: the Jutes, the Angles, and the Saxons.

49. How long is the Bayeux tapestry?

  • 120 feet
  • 230 feet
  • 300 feet
  • 350 feet

The Bayeux Tapestry stretches nearly 70 metres (230 feet) and is stitched with colored wool.

50. Who was the Saxon king of England that was slain in 1066 during the Battle of Hastings?

  • Robert II of Scotland
  • Harold
  • William of Orange
  • Edward III

In the year 1066, William, the Duke of Normandy from current-day northern France, led an invasion which resulted in the defeat and death of Harold, the Saxon king of England, during the Battle of Hastings.

51. What was the final successful foreign invasion of England?

  • The Roman takeover
  • The Anglo-Saxon takeover
  • The Norman Conquest
  • The Viking takeover

The Norman Conquest marked the end of successful foreign invasions of England, and it resulted in significant transformations in governance and societal structures within England.

52. Who was the first Danish monarch to reign over England?

  • Canute
  • Alfred the Great
  • Richard the Lionheart
  • William the Conqueror

While Anglo-Saxon rulers maintained their reign over what is presently referred to as England, there was a brief interval when Danish kings were in power. Cnut, also known as Canute, was the first of these.

53. Did the Romans stay in Britain for a span of 500 years?

  • Yes
  • No

The duration of Roman stay in Britain was actually 400 years.

54. In which country can one view the Bayeux tapestry?

  • France
  • Scotland
  • Republic of Ireland
  • England

The renowned embroidery piece, the Bayeux tapestry which memorializes the Battle of Hastings, is still viewable in France in present times.

55. Who was the leader of the initial invasion of Britain?

  • The Roman Emperor Hadrian
  • Julius Caesar
  • King Cnut the Great
  • Duke William of Normandy

In 55 BC, Julius Caesar spearheaded a Roman assault on Britain. However, this attempt failed and for nearly a century, Britain stayed independent from the Roman Empire. Then in AD 43, Emperor Claudius led a new Roman invasion. Despite resisting from some British tribes, the Romans were successful in taking over almost all of Britain.

56. Which king united the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in England to overcome the Vikings?

  • Edward the Confessor
  • King Alfred the Great
  • Richard III
  • James the First

Under the leadership of King Alfred the Great, the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England joined forces and were victorious against the Vikings.

57. What was the final successful overseas assault on England that occurred in 1066?

  • The Norse incursion
  • The Anglo-Saxon Domination
  • The Roman conquest
  • The Norman invasion

The Norman invasion represents the ultimate successful foreign assault on England in 1066.

58. What is the name of the tribal chief who battled against the Roman Empire?

  • Nefertiti
  • Octavia
  • Boudicca
  • St Dominic

Boudicca was a tribal chief who resisted the Romans. She was queen of the Iceni tribe in the region currently known as eastern England.

59. Which conflict is depicted in the Bayeux Tapestry?

  • The Battle of Gettysburg
  • The Battle of Agincourt
  • The Battle of Hastings
  • The Battle of Stirling Bridge

The Bayeux Tapestry serves as a commemoration of the Battle of Hastings through intricate embroidery.

60. Who was responsible for the minting of the first coins in Britain?

  • Individuals from the Stone Age
  • The Anglo-Saxons
  • Iron Age inhabitants
  • The Romans

The inhabitants of the Iron Age were responsible for minting the first coins in Britain, some bearing the names of Iron Age rulers. This signifies the inception of British history.

61. During the Stone Age, who were the initial inhabitants of Britain?

  • Agrarians
  • Common folk
  • Hunter-gatherers
  • Buccaneers

In Britain, the first residents were hunter-gatherers.

62. Which King of England was responsible for the creation of the Domesday Book?

  • King Richard III
  • King James I
  • William the Conqueror
  • Alfred the Great

William the Conqueror had individuals dispatched throughout England to compile inventories of all the settlements and communities. The inhabitants, landowners, and their livestock were also included in these inventories, which came to be known as the Domesday Book.

63. What two languages merged to form the English language?

  • Greek
  • Anglo-Saxon
  • Ancient Gaelic
  • Norman French

Post the Norman Invasion, the royalty and their aristocrats spoke Norman French while the common people continued using Anglo-Saxon. Over time, these two languages integrated to evolve into the English language we know today.

64. In what historical period was the Domesday Book composed?

  • Following the Viking incursion
  • Following the Norman invasion
  • Following the final Roman incursion
  • Following the Anglo-Saxon incursion

The Conqueror, known as William, dispatched individuals throughout England to compile lists of every town and village. The inhabitants, the landowners, and the animals they possessed were also enumerated. This compilation was referred to as the Domesday Book, presenting an image of English society shortly after the Norman invasion.

65. When was the initial creation of coins in Britain?

  • During the Paleolithic Era
  • During the Neolithic Era
  • During the Iron Age
  • During the Medieval Period

The first coins to be minted in Britain were made by the inhabitants during the Iron Age.

66. What was featured on the initial coins minted in Britain during the Iron Age?

  • The names of Kings during the Iron Age
  • The names of Deities from the Iron Age
  • The names of various plants
  • The names of different creatures

Iron Age inhabitants were responsible for creating the earliest coins minted in Britain, and some had the names of Iron Age rulers engraved on them.

67. Who was the one to triumph over the Vikings?

  • Henry
  • Richard I of England
  • Emperor Arthur
  • King Alfred the Great

Under the rulership of King Alfred the Great, the Anglo-Saxon domains in England gathered together and succeeded in triumphing over the Vikings.

68. Which among the listed monuments can be found in Wiltshire?

  • The Roman Baths
  • Westminster Abbey
  • Big Ben
  • Stonehenge

Stonehenge is situated in the present-day English county of Wiltshire.

69. Who served as the initial Archbishop of Canterbury?

  • St Benedict
  • St Augustine
  • St James
  • St Ignatius

Leading a group of missionaries from Rome, St Augustine contributed to the propagation of Christianity in the southern regions. He took up the role as the inaugural Archbishop of Canterbury.

70. Who was the tribal chieftain that waged war against the Romans?

  • Aurelius
  • Commodus
  • Trajan
  • Boudicca

Boudicca was one of the tribal chieftains who stood against the Roman invaders.

71. What period marks the arrival of the first agriculturalists in Britain?

  • Around 10 millennia ago
  • Roughly 6 millennia ago
  • Approximately 15 millennia ago
  • About 2 millennia ago

The initiation of farming in Britain dates back to around 6,000 years ago.

72. Which document provides insight into the life of the English population following the Norman Conquest?

  • The Domesday Book
  • The Book of Ordinary Worship
  • The Journey to Canterbury
  • The Great Charter

William dispatched individuals throughout England to compile records of all the towns and villages. Detailed information including the residents, landowners, their livestock was noted in these records. This documentation, referred to as the Domesday Book, still exists and offers a vivid depiction of English society shortly after the Norman Conquest.

73. Post the departure of the Romans in AD 410, which Northern European tribe migrated to Britain?

  • The Goths
  • The Jutes
  • The Lombards
  • The Vandals

The invasion of Britain featured Northern European tribes such as the Jutes, the Angles, and the Saxons.

74. Where can you find Skara Brae, the most intact prehistoric settlement in Northern Europe?

  • Scotland
  • Ireland
  • Britain
  • Isle of Man

Skara Brae, situated on Orkney just off the northern coast of Scotland, is recognized as the most well-preserved prehistoric settlement in Northern Europe.

75. What was the homeland of William the Conqueror?

  • Spain
  • Belgium
  • France
  • Scotland

William the Conqueror held the title of Duke of Normandy, located in what is now northern France. He notably won against Harold, the Saxon ruler of England, in the Battle of Hastings in 1066.